The recording of digital broadcasts in BD-RE Format
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The recording of digital broadcasts in BD-RE Format

By: Tape4backup

The BD-RE Application’s recording format adopts MPEG-2 TS (Transport Stream) for stream multiplexing and MPEG-2 video for video codec. For multiplexing in DVD Video, it employs MPEG-2 PS (Program Stream). In comparison with MPEG-2 PS, MPEG-2 TS has a small packet size fixed at 188 bytes; it can multiplex multiple channels and EPG (Electronic Program Guide) information and is altogether more suited to broadcasting. The BD-RE Application Format enables transport streams of digital broadcasts to be recorded as they are without altering the format.

In current BS digital broadcasting systems, a single transponder is occupied by two or four transport streams and multiple programs (that is channels) are multiplexed in a single transport stream. A transport stream like this that is used for broadcasting and contains multiple programs is known as a full transport stream. The partial transport stream is made from the full transport stream which is done by extracting the audio/data/video components of a particular program and reconfiguring the Program Specific Information/Service Information (PSI/SI), information which describes the programs. The audio/data/video components of unwanted channels would also be recorded and use up the recording area, if a digital broadcast recorder were to record a full transport stream in its original form. The conversion from full to partial transport stream is an important process for the recorder. This conversion process allows the recording area to be used efficiently by lowering the recording rate.

The time intervals between packets are not always the same in a partial transport stream which is reconstructed from the necessary packets extracted from the full transport stream. These packet intervals are determined by the buffer model. The packets must be observed when the packets are input to the demultiplexer /decoder or else the buffer will overflow or underflow and data will not be decoded correctly. In order to overcome this problem, a header is added to each TS packet during recording to indicate the time that the TS packet arrived at the Transport stream-System Target Decoder (T-STD). TS packet attached with its packet arrival time is called a source packet under the BD-RE Application Format. During playback, the packet intervals before recording are reproduced accurately based on the packet arrival times recorded in the source packet headers and the packets are then output to the T-STD or to outside the device.

When recording a transport stream to disc, the information of other programs and other unwanted information are deleted from the PSI/SI and the information reconfigured and the recording is processed in accordance with copy control information; however, no changes are necessary at the coded data level (elementary stream) such as down-converting or re-encoding which affect picture and sound quality. This is how the BD-RE Application Format enables recording of Hi-Vision video, which can have a maximum bit rate of 24Mbps, and multi-channel audio while keeping the original broadcast quality.

The BD-RE Application Format also supports the recording of BS digital data broadcasts written in BML (Broadcast Markup Language). BML is a language based on XML. A data broadcast is made up of several files and consists of video/audio elements and a program that controls these elements. The files are segmented into sections, a format defined by MPEG-2 TS. These sections are transmitted repeatedly by the broadcast station in predetermined cycles (data carousel transmission). The receiver obtains one cycle of data beginning from a certain time and extracts the data in its internal memory to restore the files and execute the program. The data broadcast is recorded in MPEG-2 TS format without being separated into files because the timing of data multiplexing at the time of broadcast is retained under the BD-RE Application Format.

EPG is a convenient feature of digital broadcasting. The EPG is reconstructed from the PSI/SI multiplexed in the full transport stream. When recording to disc, the necessary information of recorded program is extracted from the PSI/SI and program information is reconstructed in a table called SIT and recorded. This makes it possible to view detailed program information even during playback. The partial transport stream is also used as the multiplexing format for MPEG-2 streams that pass through i.LINK. Transport streams that are input to the BD-RE recorder from an external digital broadcast receiver via i.LINK can also be recorded without picture/audio deterioration. In addition to digital broadcasting in Japan, there is DTV in America and DVB in Europe; partial transport stream recording is a highly adaptable recording format which can also be applied to these broadcasting systems.

For further details and online order, please visit www.tape4backup.com

Article Source: http://articlenexus.com

ShawnPaul Tape4backup.com, 34972 Newark Blvd, # 501, Newark CA 94560 Tel: 888-491-4949 Fax: 888-449-5050 Visits Us At: http://www. tape4backup.com Email Us: links@tape4backup.com

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